Syntax- přednášky

• Participle – in finite structure it would be an adverbial clause of reason/time

1. I am patient when telling you all this.

• Participle – in finite structure it would be and adverbial clause of time

1. Some commentators can be a delight to listen to, while providing very little in the way of information.

• Participle

Noun phrase

premodification – HEAD - postmodification

a clever boy

Premodification

A) determiners – articles, possessives (my, her, our), demonstratives (this, that), quantifiers (a few, much, most, some), numbers (one, thirty)

B) adjective – a clever boy

C) -ing participle – a running boy

D) ed- participle – a broken glass

E) noun – school guardian

F) adverbial - a far-away country

G) genitive – Daniel’s decision

H) sentence/clause

Postmodification

a) relative pronoun & adverbial –

b) defining relative clause - A boy who is walking down the street is blind.

c) non-defining relative clause – Peter, who is a driver, is standing there.

• non-finite clause:

d) –ing participle – A boy walking down the street is blind.

e) –ed participle clause – A document written in English, is in Prague.

f) infinitive clause – Next train to arrive to platform C is going to Prague.

g) appositive clause – The belief that all people are honest, is wrong.

h) prepositional phrase – The flower for Julia is beautiful.

1. Then he met Barbara, who invited him to a party. c) – post-modified by non-defining relative clause

2. The table the boy crawled under was dirty. A) b) – pre-modified by a determiner, post-modified by defining relative clause

3. I hate city traffic. E) – pre-modified by a noun

4. She travelled to many far-away places. A) F) – pre-modified by a determiner, adverbial

5. The lady towards whom the dog ran was his mother. A) b) – pre-modified by a determiner, post-modified by defining relative clause

6. The news that appeared in the papers this morning was well received. A) b) – pre-modified by a determiner, post-modified by defining relative clause

7. The present for John costs a great deal. A) h) – pre-modified by a determiner, post-modified by a prepositional phrase

8. A report written by my colleague appeared last week. A) e) – pre-modified by a determiner, post-modified by –ed participle

9. That is the place where she was born. A) b) – pre-modified by a determiner, post-modified by defining relative clause

10. The next train to arrive was from York. A) F) f) – pre-modified by determiner + adjective, post-modified by to infinitive

11. The belief that no one is infallible is well-know. A) g) – pre-modified by a determiner, post-modified by an appositive clause

12. We also met her delightful family. A) B) – pre-modified by determiner + adjective

13. They never found the missing report. A) C) – pre-modified by a determiner + ing participle

14. Have you reported the stolen car? A) D) – pre-modified by a determiner + ed participle

15. The person writing reports is my colleague. A) d) – pre-modified by a determiner, post-modified by –ing participle

16. I visited his pop-down-for-the-weekend-cottage. A) H)– pre-modified by a determiner + sentence/clause

17. I visited his fisherman’s cottage. A) G) – pre-modified by a determiner + genitive

18. People who live in new houses may have a lot of money. b) – post-modified by defining relative clause