Syntax- přednášky
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→ What the women do is play/to play a great part in village politics. – Pseudocleft sentence emphasizing the predicate
CVIČENÍ Pro-forms
Comment on the forms in italics.
Cindy was by far the best speaker, and so everyone expected she would win the prize.
It is a noun phrase, “she” = pronoun; substitution - “she”
The islanders pay all their lives on insurance policies for expensive funerals.
Their = possessive adjective
When the children entered, each (of the children)/(child) was given a small present.
Some equipment has been damaged, but none (of the equipment) has been lost.
Both of the engines had been hit, and neither (of the engines)/(engine) could be relied upon to bring us safely home.
Her cousins go to the same school as she did, and all (of her cousins)/(her cousins) want to become doctors.
None, each, neither, all = indefinite pronouns
I read his first novel, and that (novel) was boring too.
That = demonstrative pronoun; novel = noun phrase
A: Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please?
B: Give me the same, please.
Yesterday I felt under the weather and today I feel the same.
The Denison house is small but very comfortable, and ours is just the same.
I want my steak rare and David wants his the same.
Cup of black coffee = noun phrase; under the weather = prepositional phrase; small but very comfortable = adjective functioning as subject complement; rare = adjective functioning as an object complement
The same =
Have you any knives? I need a sharp one.
I wish I’d bought a few jars of honey. Did you notice the ones they were selling?
Can you give me a few nails? I need one.
I´ll get you some.
One = specified noun phrase – a sharp one, the ones - there MUST be an article
One = indefinite NP in singular
Some = indefinite NP in plural
Shall I pass the butter? Or have you got some already?
Some = uncountable NP
8a. Martin drives a car, and his sister does, too.
Substitution
8b. Martin can drive a car, and his sister can, too.
- Drive is not used again – Ellipsis
9. They planned to reach the top of the mountain, but nobody knows if they did (so).
- Do – substitution for verbs, for predication
10. Is Connie still trying to light the stove? She should have done it by NOW.
Are you trying to light the stove with a match? I wouldn’t do that.
- Do – substitution for verbs, for predication
11. Between London and Oxford there is a famous inn called the George and Dragon. Here we stopped for lunch.
If you look in the top drawer, you’ll probably find it there.
- Here, there = substitution for adverbials
12. One morning the captain invited us to the bridge. He told us then about his secret orders.
- Then = substitution for adverbials
13. A: Will Oxford win the next boat race?
so [= that Oxford will win ...]
B: I hope {
not [= that Oxford will not win ... ]
Substitution for clauses
25. 3. 2019
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