Syntax- přednášky
Níže je uveden pouze náhled materiálu. Kliknutím na tlačítko 'Stáhnout soubor' stáhnete kompletní formátovaný materiál ve formátu DOCX.
Perhaps so, thought Peter, but then – perhaps not.
She says, she takes them out every day. Surely not.
The Golden Rule - Substitute wherever possible, provided you do not lose meaning.
Antecedents and the replaced expressions
COREFERENCE
George was the best runner in our school, and so everyone expected that he would win the prize.
SUBSTITUTION
Fiona got a first prize this year, and I got one last year.
CVIČENÍ CLEFT SENTENCES:
Complete the following using the information given to make cleft or pseudo-cleft sentences as indicated.
Examples: Drugs worry many governments. [the increase in drug-taking]
Cleft sentence: It’s THE INCREASE IN DRUG-TAKING THAT WORRIES MANY GOVERNMENTS.
Pseudo-cleft: What WORRIES MANY GOVERNMENTS IS THE INCREASE IN DRUG-TAKING.
What makes people experiment with drugs? (perhaps boredom, a longing for excitement)
→ Perhaps it’s boredom and a longing for excitement what makes people experiment with drugs.
Do we find drug-taking among all age-groups? (I think mainly among the young)
→ I think it’s mainly among the young that we find drug-taking.
We need to make people realize that drug-taking is self-destructive.
→ What we need to make people realize is that drug-taking is self-destructive.
But some people think that all drugs should be legal.
→ What some people think is that all drugs should be legal.
They say the glamour of doing something illegal attracts people.
→ They say it’s the glamour of doing something illegal that attracts people.
Some governments have such tough laws about trafficking, I am surprised any people become ´couriers´.
???
I suppose the hope of easy money tempts them.
→ I suppose it is the hope of easy money that tempts them
Many people don’t realize that ordinary drug-takers need big money to buy drugs with.
→ What many people don’t realize is that ordinary drug-takers need big money to buy drugs with
The drug barons deliberately involve ´small people´.
→ Small people = predicate – What the drug barons deliberately do is (to) involve small people
The Customs people are looking for travellers who behave suspiciously.
→ What the Customs people are looking for are travellers who behave suspiciously
Often the small people, not the big people, get caught.
→ It’s often the small people, not the big people, who get caught
Most governments want to stop drugs coming into their countries.
→ What most governments want is to stop are drugs coming into their countries
Cindy …. she… → anaphoric reference
Cindy = antecendent
She… Cindy… → cataphoric reference
THE WOMEN play a great part in village politics.
S V O A
→ It is the women who/that play a great part in a village politics. – Cleft sentence emphasizing subject
→ It is in the village politics that the women play a great part. – Cleft sentence emphasizing adverbial
→ What the women play in a village politics is a great part. - Pseudocleft sentence emphasizing the object