tert reading 3

3

same as that which existed between the original receptors and the
message

aims to complete naturalness of expression

6.Proč Nida považuje překlad poezie za náročný? Jak se liší od překladu

prózy?

because to translate a poem whole is to compose another poem

Having the same form and also meaning in poetry is much harder than in
prose

The translating of poetry obviously involves more adjustments in literary
form than does prose, for rhythmic forms differ far more radically in form,
and hence in esthetic appeal - rhytmic forms can be substituted

VINAY a DARBELNET (str. 8493

7.Jaké překladatelské postupy vydělují Vinay a Darbelnet? Uvádějte

příklady.

direct/literal translation vs. oblique translation

 borrowing

simplest of all methods, to introduce the flavour of the source language
culture into a translation, foreign terms may be used (food names tortillas or
tequilla from Spanish)

 Caique

special kind of borrowing, where language borrows an expression form of
another, but then translates literally each of its terms (science-fiction, the
french premier are english-french caiques)

 literal translation

word for word, translation is a direct transfer of a SL text into grammatically
appropriate TL text

unique solution, which is reversible and complete in itself, common when
translating two languages of the same family French-english)

 transposition

involves replacing one word class with another without changing the
meaning of the message (can be applied even within a language)

 modulation

TERT1 reading 3

4

variation of the form of the message, obtained by a change in the point of
view (used when translation is unsuitable, unidiomatic or awkvard in the TL

 equivalence

same situation can be rendered by two texts using completely different
stylistic and structural methods

 adaptation

the type of situation being referred to by the SL message is unknown in the
TL culture (translator have to create a new situation that can be considered
as being equivalent) - special kind of equivalence

KAČKAʼS ANSWERS

JAKOBSON

 Jaké tři typy překladu vyděluje Jakobson?

1 Intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by
means of other signs of the same language. = vnitrojazykovy =
parafraze,regionalni varianty (harry potter),modernizace jazyka,
zjednodusenacetba/uses either another, more or less synonymous, word or
resorts to circumlocution
2 Interlingual translation or translation proper is an interpretation of verbal
signs by means of some other language.=mezijazykovy/ we substitute the
message not for one unit
3 Intersemiotic translation or transmutation is an interpretation of verbal
signs by means of signs of nonverbal sign systems.=intersemioticky =
ruzne znakove systemy = roman do komixu

 Co je podle Jakobsona složitější - překládat do jazyka, který disponuje

nějakou gramatickou kategorií navíc, nebo do jazyka, který oproti VJ
nějakou gramatickou kategorii postrádá? Vysvětlete.
It is more difficult to remain faithful to the original when we translate into a
language provided with a certain grammatical category from a language
devoid of such a category/it is impossible to translate a literal translation of
the entire conceptual information contained in the original
If some grammatical category is absent in a given language, its meaning