tert reading 3

TERT1 reading 3

5

may be translated into this language by lexical means
Numerals – “She has brothersˮ – she has more than two, she has two
brothers
Tezsi: do jazyka ktery tu kategorii navic
English x Russian – male or female
Vykani a tykani

 S jakými systémovými rozdíly mezi jazyky se mohou překladatelé potýkat,

uveďte příklady.
Dual number
Rod:Feminine/maskuline (ilustrace die Tod, zivot = v rustine zensky rod),
velryba/velrybak
Russians personify the weekdays  Monday, Tuesday, Thursday – male/
Wednesday, Friday and Saturday – female Friday is different according to
some rituals)
Russian reading a German tales – thought that death is female and in
german it is a male thing
Aspekt (vid) =
Zvukova stranka
„the translator is a betrayer“

NIDA
4. Jaké tři základní faktory ovlivňují podle Nidy překlad?
Differences in translations can generally be accounted for by three basic
factors in translating: 1 the nature of the message, 2 the purpose or
purposes of the author and, by proxy, of the translator, and 3 the type of
audience.
Message differ primatily in the degree to which content or form is the dominant
consideration – in some message the content is of primary consideration
Only rarely can one reproduce a content and a form in translation

 Jaké dva typy překladu (ekvivalence) Nida vyděluje? Charakterizujte oba

přístupy.
Different types of equivalence: one which may be called formal and another
which is primarily dynamic
Formal equivalence focuses attention on the message itself, in both form
and content. In such a translation one is concerned with such
correspondences as poetry to poetry, sentence to sentence, and concept
to concept.
The type of translation which most completely typifies this structural

TERT1 reading 3

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equivalence might be called a “gloss trandlastionˮ – reproduce as literally
and meaningfully as possible the form and the content of original Medival
French into English) – it is possible for the reader to understand as much as
he can of the customs, manner of thought and means of expression
DYNAMIC is based upon “the principle of equivalent effect … pozdeji
FUNKČNÍ
one is not so concerned with matching the receptor-language message
with the source-language message, but with the dynamic relationship, that
the relationship between receptor and message should be substantially the
same as that which existed between the original receptors and the
message.
aims at complete naturalness of expression, and tries to relate the receptor
to modes of behaviour relevant within the context of his own culture; it does
not insist that he understand the cultural patterns of the source-language
context in order to comprehend the message.
Today we are increasing focus on dynamic equivalences, the shift has been
marked withing the last 50 years

6.Proč Nida považuje překlad poezie za náročný? Jak se liší od překladu prózy?
Poetry: a greater focus of attention upon formal elements than one normally
finds in prose
content is necessarily constricted into formal molds
only rarely can one reproduce both content and form in translation
a lyric poem translated as prose – not an adequate equivalent