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II. Human rights
1. Documents
o Universal Declaration of Human Right (všeobecná deklarace lidských práv)
adopted by UN in 1948
proclaims entitlement to human rights regardless of (bez ohledu na) sex, race...
o European convention on human rights
more practical - covers countries with similar cultures and economic conditions;
citizens can refer their cases to special court in Strasbourg (European Court of
Human Rights)
o UN court - International Court Justice seated in the Haag
o EU court - European Court of Justice in Luxemburg
2. Violations of HRs
o may even be used as a reason for taking an action against countries when economic
sanctions imposed on them or even a military intervention is taken against them
pretext covering other interests
people who have never advocated violence - lidé, co nikdy nezastávali násilí
has been to put pressure on governments to observe human rights – vyvíjet tlak na vlády k dodržování
lidských práv
some people raised their voice in her favor – někteří lidé se ozvali za její podporu
III. Employment Law
1. History of ERs
a. before industrial revolution
virtually non-existence of employment rights
masters and servants
b. industrial revolution
trade unions - put pressure on governments to adopt some labour legislation
(pracovněprávní zákony)
o e.g. wages, working hours; right to strike, restriction of child labor, eight-hour
workday, and introduction of an insurance system:
sickness --> sickness pay (nemocenská)
unemployment --> unemployment benefits (dávky v nezaměstnanosti)
retirement --> pensions (důchody)