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A crime can be defined as an illegal behaviour/ an illegal conduct/ unlawful act which might be punished by the state if
the accused is convincted.
An injury – zranění x injury – újma
Damage – škoda x damages – odškodnění
A crime – zločin x crime – trestná činnost
Committed – spáchat x omitted – opomenout
Elements of crime:
a) actus reus – criminal act itself, committing something, somewhere at a certain time.
b) mens rea – the criminal state of mind of the person when he committed the act. It is the intention to commit the crime.
Mode of trtial (upůsob řízení):
a) summarily (zkrácené řízení) – less serious crimes are tried at Magistrates' Court, they are tried summarily (without
unnecessary delay), we talk about summary offences.
b) upon indictment – more serious crimes are referred to Crown Court and are tried upon indictment (with a formal
accusation). In this case we talk about indictable offences.
Question of law – it is the task of judge to explain legal matters to jury.
Question of fact – it is the task of jury to decide if defendant is guilty or innocent.
Classification of crimes:
a) minor x major
b) misdemeanors (přestupky) x felonies (těžké zločiny) x infractions
c) summary x indictable (žalovatelný)
Criminal procedure:
a) crime is reported > investigation by police > apprehension of suspect (zatčení) > charge of subject > plea-taking by the
suspect (vyjádření obžalovaného) > the suspect either remains in custody (zústane ve vazbě) or is released on bail
(propuštěn na kauci)
b) councel starts the trial by opening statements > interrogation (výslech) > councel closes the trial by closing statements
> verdict by jury (rozsudek poroty) > judgment of judge – defendant can be acquitted or convicted (the judge issues
judgement, passes the sentence, imposes the punishment) > appeal against judgment (odvolání proti rozsudku)