AJ maturitní okruhy

10. SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND IN GREAT BRITANEducation in the Czech Republic The compulsory education in our republic starts at the age of 6 years. Before that children can attend kindergartens. We start education at basic school which has 2 grades. In the first children learn to read and write. In the second they have more specialized subjects like chemistry, biology, history and so on. At the age of 15 after leaving basic school, pupils can continue at secondary schools. They can choose from different types. For example grammar school (prepare for university studies), professional schools (business academies, technical, medical…) or vocational training schools (prepare for jobs – hairdresser, mechanics, plumbers, cooks...). Secondary education is finished by a school – leaving exam which consists of the state and profile school part, and also written and oral exams. At business academies students have to pass a profile written exam in economical subjects and state written exams in the Czech language and English or mathematics. Oral exams are in Czech and foreign languages and in economic subjects. After successfully passing entrance exams they can study at universities, colleges or higher special schools. The most famous university is the Charles University in Prague In our republic we have state schools, church schools and private schools where pupil’s parents have to pay school fees. Some schools are specialized in sport, music, languages. The academic school year starts on the 1st September and finishes on the 30th June. The summer holidays are 2 months long. Classes usually start at 8 o’clock.

Education in Great Britan In Britan primary education starts as nursery school (3-4), then they go to reception (4-5). After that they start at primary school (5-11). At 11 children continue at secondary schools. Most of them go to comprehensive schools. They study the National Curriculum with the emphasis on practical application of their knowledge. The school year is divided into 3 terms. Classes start at 9 am and finish at 3 pm. At most schools they wear uniforms. Parents are sent annual reports on their children’s progress at school. On reports teachers are describing how the students worked during the term. Students get marks but teachers use letters, not numbers, to indicate their achievement. At the age of 15/16, all students have to take GCSE exam in at least 5 subjects. Some of them stay on at school for another 2 years, they choose about 3 subjects to study and at 18 they take A-levels in these subjects. After passing them they can study at university. The oldest and most prestigious universities are in Oxford and Cambridge. But some students leave school at 16 and start work or go on for vocational training. In state schools there are no school – fees, Private schools are very expensive. They are mostly boarding schools.11. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The USA are situated in the southern part of North America, between the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Their neighbours are Canada in the north and Mexico in the south.