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- later on, Malcom converted to Islam (nowadays, almost half of the black people are Muslims)
- it is popular because in the past, the Bible in the South was used to justify slavery
- it is egalitarian (rovnostářský) – the beggars and rich people should sit and pray together
- very vocal as far as African-American rights concerned – he thought black people has to be violent in order to
get the rights
- he also claimed: Black is beautiful, you shouldn’t have been thinking about black as about terrible colour
Hippie and the Beatnik movement
- movement characteristic of white young people
- they used slogans: “Flower power”; “Make love, not war!”
- it started in San Francisco (city of hippies, cultural centre)
- they were against Vietnam war and bourgeoisie
- non-violent, alternative lifestyle, they took drugs
- much more relaxed lifestyle - free sexuality (at that time the contraception pill was introduced)
- important culture original - developed certain musical style
- most famous groups influenced the Hippies: Beatles, Rolling Stones
- organised several huge gatherings such as: Woodstock Festival and Summer of Love
- with Hippies movement, the most important centre is San Francisco, before it was NY
1967 – Summer of Love
- white gathering near San Francisco
- distrust in the conventional values, society
- they pleaded for free love, protested against the wars
USA wins the Space competition with Soviet Union
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1957 – Soviet Union sent into space the world’s 1st earth satellite: Sputnik (Americans afraid it carries a H-bomb)
- 1961 – Gagarin – a Soviet cosmonaut who was the 1st person to travel in space
- 1969 – Neil Armstrong – an American astronaut who set as the 1st the foot on the Moon
• act that required financial scientific efforts - white house wanted something that would show that US is ahead