VYPRACOVANÉ ZÁPISKY
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wishes, desires, images are signifiers (psychological signs) that we dream
the signifying chain – signifiers are unstable, one signifier leads to another
when we grow, getting adult (getting the self), the circulation of the chain stops
3 stages/levels of evolution of child from infancy to adulthood: real, imaginary, symbolic
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real (NEEDS) – infants have concrete needs which belong to real world (drink, food, sleep)
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imaginary (DEMANDS) – connections between the reality and not reality
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symbolic (DESIRES) – the child has no longer physical needs and demands but desires to learn language
the symbolic order is the structure of language characterized by lack (most profound: the lack of power)
language is a social instrument and expresses power that belongs to men
the ultimate signifier – the Phallus (we all want power)
mirror stage = the idea of the self is created through an imaginary identification with the image in the mirror
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the stage where the child sees himself/herself for the first time in a mirror
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sometimes the child starts crying because it is terrified of seeing the person who looks exactly like
him/her and moves in the same way
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the child doesn’t recognise himself/herself
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before the mirror stage the child knows the other in a mirror but not the self
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after the mirror stage the child can distinguish between self and the other-self
5. JULIA KRISTEVA
Bulgarian but lived in Paris
relied on ideas of language of Jacques Lacan
dealt with entrance of the child to the language and understanding authority
semiotic stage = initial stage when the child is a baby and communicates with his mother
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during the stage, the mother and the child have their own language (system of sounds)
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the baby cries in different ways when it is hungry, tired and ill
about the age 2-3, the child starts to understand that it is obliged to keep his/her body clean like humans do