VYPRACOVANÉ ZÁPISKY
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the contribution of women writers to literary history
GENDER and QUEER STUDIES
gender studies and queer theory explore issues of sexuality, power, and marginalized (opomíjený) populations
(woman as other) in literature and culture
a critic working in gender studies and queer theory might even be uncomfortable with the binary between
masculine and feminine that was established by many feminist scholars
Cixous sets up a series of binary oppositions (active/passive, sun/moon...father/mother, logos/pathos). Each
pair can be analysed as a hierarchy in which the former term represents the positive and masculine and the
latter the negative and feminine principle
many critics working with gender and queer theory are interested in the breakdown of binaries such as male
and female (the in-betweens) because the distinction between "masculine" and "feminine" activities and
behaviour is constantly changing
1. JUDITH BUTLER
she takes one idea from a French writer and philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre (partner: Simone de Beauvoir)
friend with Simone de Beauvoir who wrote a book: The Second Sex
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she puts on table metaphorically the idea: “woman is not born, woman is made“
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it is not our anatomical characteristic that makes us women or men
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she dealt with women because there was a more emphasis on biology of women
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woman is made by society, society begins with family and ends with church, government, laws that exist
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these structures/forms teach us to behave as a man or a woman (starting with small things such as clothes,
make up, hair, occupation)
Butler continued with this idea in Gender Trouble
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she saw drag queens, which was an initial impulse to study lesbian community in San Francisco
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gender is like a performance and we perform our gender everyday
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gender is like a show in a theatre, we all are actors
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gender is not a part of our essence, it is a role that we play/perform in society