VYPRACOVANÉ ZÁPISKY
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• heroic couplet: - + / - + / - + / - + / - + /
- + / - + / - + / - + / - + /
• blank verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter
TROPES /FIGURES OF SPEECH/
= tools to put beauty to a poem (the author changes a meaning of words or expressions)
1.
ANTITHESIS: opposition, contrast (EXAMPLE: light and heavy; black and white)
2.
BATHOS: a sudden change of tone in a work of writing, usually from the beautiful to the ridiculous one
(sentimentalism, excess of tender feelings)
3.
COMPARISON: comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as" (meaning: equality)
EXAMPLE: She’s like the sun in the sky; the apple is as round as the Earth; she’s as beautiful as a rose
4.
ELLIPSIS: omitting certain words in a sentence to show emotions (nervousness, mental problems, …)
5.
EPITHET: a quality, usually expressed by an adjective (EXAMPLE: golden hair, with drunken laughter)
6.
HENDIADYS = two words joined by a conjunction and which express an idea that is more commonly
expressed by an adjective and a noun
He came despite the rain and weather.
= He came despite the rainy weather.
7.
HYPERBOLE
: an exaggeration (EXAMPLE: it weighs a ton; I could eat a horse; I’ll be waiting for a million years)
8.
CHIASMUS: two or more clauses are balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures
you shall see how a man was made a slave,
you shall see how a slave was made a man
process of transformation
9.
INVERSION: certain words that need to be emphasized are moved to the beginning of the sentence
10.
IRONY: words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning