syntax-zpracované všechny přednášky
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ELLIPSIS - scheme .............................................................................................................. 60
7
Some Basic Terms
Inflected languages
Nouns (N) have endings which change depending on whether they are for e.g. the subject (S)
or object (O) of the verb
complex agreement btw articles, Adjectives (ADJ) and Ns
o the more inflected a lang is, the more complex system of endings
verbs conjugate ← from the endings, it is obvious to which person is referred to
Czech is a synthetic lang
English? (it was inflected once ('s, s', -er, -est))
the word order is essential (it real y isn't flexible in English; it can change the meaning
completely ↓ (more about that…))
we must distinguish btw subject (group) and verb (group)/predicate
meaning from the context
Word classes
Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections,
determiners
Clause
A clause is a grammatical unit. A group of words consisting of a subject + finite verb (+
complement or object).
Main clause (an independent clause)
must contain a S and a V
must express a complete thought
Diane kicked the soda machine. (Diane = the S; kicked = the V.)
at least one main clause in every sentence
o a sentence can contain any number of other grammatical units
When you place a subordinate conjunction in front → It's NO LONGER a main clause!
When Diane kicked the soda machine... (we need to know more… ↓↓↓)
Subordinate clause (a dependent clause)
begin with a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun
contain both a S and a V