UKLBE-poznámky

Carl Gustav Jung

• archetypes - there are many different archetypes and Jung has stated they are limitless in amount, but to simplify many have broken it down into a few main ones.

• the persona = the way we present to the world = superego

• the shadow = represents the traits that lie deep within ourselves = ego

• the anima = as the feminine side or form of a man

• the animus = similar to the anima but allows a female to understand and communicate with a man

• the self = is the regulating center of the psyche and facilitator of individuation

= unconscious

• collective unconscious - knowledge of generations before us...?

Jacques Lacan

• Mirror stage

  • very important moment in humilisation - seeing ourselves in a mirror. We know that we can get outside ourselves. That is why we can tell stories about our love, our life...

1 THE REAL - for Lacan, it is not synonymous with reality, there is no absence in the Real

2 THE IMAGINARY (more sophisticated level)

3 THE SYMBOLIC (belongs to language) -shows the power relations that exist everywhere

Julia Kristeva

• is a Bulgarian-French philosopher, literary critic, psychoanalyst, sociologist, feminist, and, most recently, novelist, who has lived in France since the mid-1960s

• semiotic language x symbolic language

• she pushed language further

• Language is a social instrument expresses power relations which existence is not equal for male and female. LANGUAGE IS FROM MALE´S POINT OF VIEW!

  • Tzn. že například obecně říkáme: ministr, ředitel atd. a je to v mužském rodě. Když se ale například používá ředitelka, tak je to stejně jenom rod mužský+sufix. = Masculine form is the human form. Tímhle se zabývala

Luce Irigaray

• is a Belgian feminist, philosopher, linguist, psychoanalyst, sociologist and cultural theorist

• language is an expression of patriarchal power

→ problems in literature in a feminine view, women-writers can´t express themselves

9. Gender

• !not a genre = the term for any category of literature or other forms of art or culture!

• = is a range of characteristics used to distinguish between males and females, particularly in the cases of men and women and the masculine and feminine attributes assigned to them

• = cultural structure of behavior of woman or man according to norms (which can change in time)

• genderize: prepare child for the life of their sex (masculinity vs. femininity)

• different mechanism in gender script :

• boys and girls are expected to behave certain way (hobbies, clothes,...)

• different in each country

• female X male – biology, topic of a body/sex

• feminine X masculine – gender, refers to behaviour, society

• feminist X masculinist – ideology, (feminism – ideology: against patriarchy) – masculinist (not yet exists)

  • feminism

  • ideology that considers that women do not have the same rights as men and it should be fixed

  • fighting for the right to vote, etc.

  • patriarchy

    • neolithic – connection between sex and pregnancy

    • questioning paternity → marriage, cult of virginity, harem, …