UKLBE-poznámky

Judith Butler

• is an American post-structuralist philosopher, who has contributed to the fields of feminism, queer theory, political philosophy, and ethics

• important objective: right to vote

• lesbian continuum – female solidarity – tool against patriarchy (not just sexual affection)

Adrienne Rich

• is an American poet, essayist and feminist

• lesbian continuum – female bonding, female solidarity

• says that male were always against the friendship between two women to prove their power

• need of language that is able to express femininity and female body

Luce Irigaray

• viz. Psychoanalysis

Julia Kristeva

• viz. Psychoanalysis

Héléne Cixous

• is a professor, French feminist writer, poet, playwright, philosopher, literary critic and rhetorician

• Ženy by podle Cixous měly také přijmout a oslavovat svou bisexualitu.

• Musejí též pochopit, že mají kastrační komplex (v tom souhlasí s Freudem), ale naučit se vnímat absenci penisu jako požehnání, odnaučit se poměřovat se mužskými měřítky.

• woman’s language = l'écriture feminine

Monique Wittiq

• was a French author and feminist theorist

• criticizes Marxism, says that women are a social class

10. The Marxists approaches

Louis Althusser

• was a French Marxist philosopher

• economic relationships determines society (not the relations between genders)

• two groups: owners (rich) vs. people who sell the skill to make the living

• repressive state apparatuses (police, army)

• ideological state apparatuses (school, culture, literature, sensorship)

Slavoj Žižek

• is a Slovenian philosopher and cultural critic working in the traditions of Hegelianism, Marxism and Lacanian psychoanalysis

• ideological s.a.: culture, mass media, religion,

• sublime objects: country, king, president, ideals around which we construct and dedicate our lives – not absolute truths but ways to see the world (relative) – parts of the machine the rich use to subdue the poor

11. Postcolonialism

• is a specifically postmodern intellectual discourse that consists of reactions to, and analysis of, the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism. Postcolonialism is defined in anthropology as the relations between European nations and areas they colonized and once ruled.

• colonial → colonies → colonialism

• literature after II. World War

• independence was given to some countries

• but the dependence is in languages...

• application of postcolonialism in Humphry Clinker...? - odpověď nevím jistě

  • When the general Lismahago is in a war in America, he comes in touch with indians. They have different culture, different habits, different ceremonies.

Edward Said

• was a Palestinian-American literary theorist and advocate for Palestinian rights

• from rich family

• when he was a child he and his family went to Kairo (vacation) but never came back

• studied in Egypt

• then his and his family went to US

• became a professor at Columbia

  • book Orientalism

    • about oriental countries (Istanbul, Kairo, China, Japan,...)

    • The book presented his influential ideas on Orientalism, the Western study of Eastern cultures.

    • He criticized the Eurocentric prejudice against Arabo-Islamic peoples and their culture

      • ex. United States seems to be concerned, it is only a slight overstatement to say that Muslims and Arabs are essentially seen as either oil suppliers or potential terrorists.