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Langue and parole
Langue (French, meaning "language") and parole (meaning "speech") are linguistic terms used by Ferdinand de Saussure.
Langue describes the social, impersonal phenomenon of language as a system of signs, while
parole describes the individual, personal phenomenon of language as a series of speech acts made by a linguistic subject.
Langue = the whole system of language that precedes and makes speech possible
Parole = the concrete use of the language
Claude Lévy Strauss
Vladimir Propp
- Actants=
villain - evil
dispatcher - he notices (ex. sth. was stolen)
helper
princess - or sth. expensive
father - or the owner
donor - gives magical objects
hero
false hero
Gerard Genette
- there is no original, first text - we are influenced by what we eperienced
- hypotext - the previous text
- hypertext - the new text
- metatext - meta = about, text that talks about another text, ex. review
- paratext - separates the world of fiction from reality
- genotext
- architext - all text in the world
Viktor Skhlovski
- liniar story -
- frame story - framing story + others (ex. Canterbury tales)
- analepsis
- prolepsis
- story - the events presented by author
- plot - the events in chronological order
- defamiliarization -
- reliable narrator - tells everything, doesn’t hide anything
- unreliable narrator - tells only partly - maybe because the subject is sensitive
- omniscient = he knows everything like there is no privacy
- diegesis
- intradiegetic
- escradiegetic - narrator is not in the story, events do not happen to him
- homodiagetic - narrator is in the story, events happen to him
- heterodiagetic - narrator is in the story but the events happen to somebody else