syntax-zpracované všechny přednášky
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No conjunction
We have to use inversion
Should you be interested in our offer, please contact us.
Were she my daughter, I would send her abroad.
Had we known about this sooner, we could have helped you. (If we had known about it sooner, we
could have helped you.)
Unless – if not
Interchangeable - actions
We can use both
Unless you refund my money, I shal take legal action.
Only IF NOT - feelings, states which result from something not happening
Alex wil be upset if you don´t come to the party.
I wil be surprised if it doesn´t rain.
when an unreal condition comes first
The horse fel . If it had not fal en, it would have won the race. (we refer to the past, the element comes
first…)
Only UNLESS – afterthought
The horse won easily. No one could have overtaken him – unless it had fal en
(The meaning after the dash is not included in the meaning of the sentence.)
Time
When, after, while, as soon as, as long as, before, until, by the time, directly, during the time,
immediately, the moment (that), now, once, whenever, since…
We usual y use a comma when the ADV clause comes first
Once you've seen one penguin, you've seen them al . (present perfect)
He hasn't stopped complaining since he got back from his holidays.
After she got married, Eve changed completely. (subordinate clause comes first -> we must use a
comma) It's typical after: after, as soon as, before, by the time, directly, immediately, the moment,
until and when → The Owens wil move to a new flat when their baby is born. ↓
↑ the simple present and the simple future as wel as the present perfect and the future perfect are
often interchangeable after temporal conjunctions…
He wil go home after he closes his store. (refers to the future; but we use the present tense)
He wil go home after he has closed the store. (present perfect, but also refers to the future; in this
case, the action must be finished)
