syntax-zpracované všechny přednášky
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→ → When the me zones are different, we use HAVING BEEN.
Participle constructions
“Infinitives may perform the functions of NPs, PM, A or comments”
Present participle -ING
Past participle -ED
For more info (CZ) → https://www.helpforenglish.cz/article/2007041001-participium
Co-ordinate clauses
She lay awake al night and recal ed/recal ing the events of the day.
Clauses of time
(one after the other)
When she (had) finished al her housework, she sat down to watch television.
Having finished al her housework, ………
Getting up, I had breakfast.
We use participle for the event which happened first.
(At the same time) or (one event interrupted the other)
When I was walking along Prague Street, I met Paul.
(When/while) walking along Prague Street, I met Paul.
Sitting down, I heard the door bel again.
I sat down, hearing the door bel again.
While I was waiting for him at the station, I read the newspaper.
Waiting for him at the station, I read the newspaper.
Present participle can be used after the time conjunctions AFTER, BEFORE, SINCE, WHEN,
WHILE.
ON, IN can be used instead of WHEN/WHILE
When I found the front door open, I became suspicious.
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On finding the front door open, I ….
While I was trying to open the can, I cut my hand.
In/while trying to open the can, I cut my hand.
When it was viewed from the distance, it looked picturesque.
When viewed from the distance it looked ………..
AFTER, BEFORE, SINCE, ON, IN can’t be fol owed directly by a past participle. They require BEING
+ past participle.
After we were informed about the delay, we made other arrangements.
After being informed about the delay, we made other arrangements.