syntax-zpracované všechny přednášky
Níže je uveden pouze náhled materiálu. Kliknutím na tlačítko 'Stáhnout soubor' stáhnete kompletní formátovaný materiál ve formátu PDF.
“Usual y, the S of the participle clause is the same as the S of the main clause.” -> otherwise it’s
cal ed an absolute construction..
Very formal form of English
Using a participle clause which has its own subject.
As nobody had any more to say, the meeting was closed.
Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.
Since al the money had been spent, we started looking for work.
Al the money having been spent, we ………………….. (rather formal)
Dangling - unattached - unrelated - participle
The subject of the participle is different from the subject of the finite verb, but is not expressed.
Fixed phrases
Broadly/generally/…. speaking, taking everything into account ………………………
Generally speaking, women are better drivers than men.
Acceptable (scientific writing)
Nitrogen was determined in milk, using the Kjeldahl method.
by means of
adverbial clause with an indefinite or general subject
or passive voice
Unacceptable
Reading the evening paper, a dog started barking
Gerund phrases
The same function as Ns
Her watering the plants every day is not necessary. S
Her mother appreciates her watering the plants… O
Her mother insists on her watering… Oprep
The boy was fired for not coming to work on time. Oprep