syntax-zpracované všechny přednášky
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CONCESSION/CONTRAST
Although, though, even though, even if, while, considering that, whereas, however
good/bad/much, no matter how (much), etc. (while can be used both as a ADV of contrast or ADV of
time…)
Although I felt sorry for him, he deserved it. 
Much as I'd like to help, there isn't a lot I can do. 
While I disapprove of what you say, I would defend to the death your right to say it. 
However far it is, I intend to drive there tonight. 
 
…………ever (start with WH-) ↓ 
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However bril iant you are/may, be you can't know everything. 
However expensive it may be, I intend to buy it. 
No matter .... ... (end with a WH- word) ↓ 
No matter where you go, you can't escape from yourself 
No matter how expensive it may be, I intend to buy it. 
 
Unlikely as it sounds, it is true. 
 
COMPARISON
As + adjective + as
As + adverb + as
Not so/as + as
- er + than
more + than
less + than
the + the ("čím… tím…")
He likes his dog more than his sister. (ambiguous) 
The more you have, the more you want. 
The earlier we leave, the sooner we wil  arrive. 
The more electricity you use, the higher your bil  wil  be. 
 
Appositive clauses (also post-modification of N clauses)
 AC resemble relative clauses (that also functions as -> 'který')
o  Introduction by THAT 
o  Restrictive & non-restrictive 
 AC differ from relative clauses (that -> 'že'; conjunction)
o  THAT is not an element in the clause structure (subject, object) 
o  Often abstract nouns (fact, idea, information); after abstract nouns 
but abstract Ns can also be followed my relative clauses
