syntax-zpracované všechny přednášky
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(←subject-verb inversion)
+ adverbial particles such as back, down, off. up, etc.
after HERE/THERE (if it is an ADV of place)
o after HERE/THERE use a MAIN V without an AUX/MODAL
Here comes the bus! Off went the man. Here’s your coffee. I opened the door and there stood Michael,
al covered in mud. She looked out and there was Pamela, walking along arm in arm with Goldie.
CAN'T be used with a PN! Here comes it.
When a sentence starts with an ADV (of place, WHERE?) (←subject-verb inversion)
On the hil was a smal house. (instead of 'There was a smal house on the hil .' / 'The house was on the
hil .')
In the castle lived an old king with his three daughters.
In the door stood a tal dark figure.
In the bed lay an old ugly woman.
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Pro-forms
We use a substitute so as not to repeat the same phrases/words.
To avoid redundancy
To make the utterance more smooth
We replace items which are too long or wel -known to be repeated
Substitute words = pro-forms
NOUNS+ NOUN PHRASES
PNs
Looking up, she caught David’s eye. He was sitting directly opposite.
Looking up, she caught David’s eye. He was sitting directly opposite.
Coordinate clauses
It was Peter who suffered from insomnia, and it was Peter/he who had a heart attack.
But Peter wanted it, bought it, and then sold it again.
Subordinate clauses
Ben did it because he wanted it.
One(s), another, both, this, that, these, those, the same, the former/latter...
SUBSTITUTES FOR PREDICATION
DO
I hope people won’t read it. I never do.
Do so, do it, do that (DO as the main V)