syntax-zpracované všechny přednášky
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I am painting my living room blue. It depends on what we are asking about.
MARKED (?? “Why are your hands dyed blue?” → new info is in the THEME bcs we already know
about the colour → MARKED)
UNMARKED (the Q could be sth like “What colour are you painting your living room?” → the only new
piece of info in the answer is BLUE → it’s at the end → UNMARKED)
In other words:
The THEME (cca the 1st element of a clause) is MARKED when it
carries a HIGH amount of CD, i.e. it gives a lot of NEW info.
Functional Sentence Perspective FSP - Jan Firbas
We try to give a known info at the beginning and a new piece of info at the end.
Czech: FSP – the most decisive factor influencing WO (synthetic language)
English: fixed WO. It sometimes works against the linear distribution of communicative dynamism
(low – high) (analytic language)
Nastala obleva.
A thaw has set in.
Nad jezerem se vznášela helikoptéra.
A helicopter hovered over the lake.
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V noci vypukl požár.
A fire broke out during the night.
Požár vypukl v noci.
The fire broke out during the night.
BTW: What is the difference between generic and non-generic reference?
Non-generic indefinite article|generic indefinite article ->
GENERIC -> you introduce a representative of its kind -> The lion/a lion/lions have the same meaning.
NON-GENERIC -> when we use a noun for the first time.
Syntactic means of FSP in English
Passive
Tento román napsal můj strýc.
The novel was written by my uncle.
O-S transposition – tough movement
Bylo hezké ji poslouchat.