syntax-zpracované všechny přednášky
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make the prepositional phrase informational y prominent. Instead, the nucleus would
probably occur on replied and the adverbial might be lightened and abbreviated by
pronominalization: He should have replied to IT.
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Given a new info
When shal we know what Mary is going to do?
(“given info”) We’l know next week. (new info)-> we could easily say: Next week.
(“given info”) She wil decide next week. (new info) (the introduction is less obvious, but stil , the main
piece of info is “next week”
“next week” is the main point of the message. The rest of it introduces the adequate answer to the Q
(informs that the answer wil fol ow) -> increasing CD
Theme and focus
There is a contrast between GIVEN and NEW info as wel as THEME and FOCUS
THEME = initial part of any structure when we consider it from an informational point of view | the
first element of a clause
FOCUS = where the new information lies <- final part of the sentence (ideal y)
Theme is either marked or unmarked
(ideal, reader friendly) UNMARKED context (bezpříznakový)– low amount of communicative
dynamism -> from low to high
MARKED – high amount of communicative dynamism
Bil gave it to me. (high CD is in the THEME (at the beginning))
The relation between FOCUS and NEW INFORMATION
What´s on today? -> WE ARE GOING TO THE RACES. (the whole sentence is a new piece of info)
What are we doing today? -> We´re GOING TO THE RACES. (we are is repeated)
Where are we going today? -> We´re going TO THE RACES. (only “to the races is a new piece of info)