syntax-zpracované všechny přednášky
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Cleft Sentences
“We use cleft sentences, especial y in speaking, to connect what is already understood to what is new
to the listener. In a cleft sentence, a single message is divided (cleft) into two clauses. This al ows us
to focus on the new information.” C. Dictionary
55
“A cleft sentence is a complex sentence in which a simple sentence is expressed using a main clause
and a subordinate clause. ” The SIL Glossary of Linguistic Terms
We typical y use the construction with IT
IT + BE + phrase + a subordinate clause
the emphasis comes after the verb BE
England won the World Cup in 1966.
-> It was England who won the... We emphasised the S
-> It was the World Cup (that) England won in... We emphasised the O
-> It was in 1966 (that) England won the... We emphasised the A (of time)
We use WHO, WHICH, THAT with S
and THAT with O and A
We may use a PN as an O
It is they who (would be considered very formal)
It is them that (very informal)
It is them who (sort of in the middle)
John wore his best suit at the dance last night.
S
V
O
A
A
Emphasise:
S -> It was John who (or that) wore his best suit at the dance last night.
Od -> It was his best suit that John wore at the dance last night.
A (place) -> It was at the dance that John wore his best suit last night.
A (time) -> It was last night that John wore his best suit at the dance.
The construction with IT CLEFT sentences deviates from the unmarked division of communicative
dynamism. High amount of CD -> low; i.e. new (desired/emphasised) piece of info in the theme (“at the
beginning”) and a known piece of info at the end.