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Samuel Adams (lawyer):
No taxation without representation
taxes shouldn’t have been increased if the colonists didn’t have representatives in Parliament
if the government had been more understanding, nothing would have happened
1767 – Increasing Taxes (on tea, paper, paint, and other gods imported from abroad)
it was too much and the colonists refused to buy tea from England but tried to get it from other sources
December 1773 - Boston Tea Party
group of colonists from Boston overthrew the ship full of tea into the ocean
the colonists laughed and newspapers were full of this incident
one man: “
We hope that king George III. loves salt in his tea”
the colonists were angrier and angrier, they tried to approach against the king
London responded with more soldiers and more aggressive measures
1775
– 2nd Continental Congress in Philadelphia
representatives of the 13 colonies met to debate what to do with the aggressive measures of London
they decided to have their own army and started forming groups of soldiers
conclusion: to make an army and to demand the independence from Britain
leader: George Washington (he used to work for British army and had lots of experience)
4th July 1776 – Declaration of Independence
written by Thomas Jefferson (lawyer, educated) with Benjamin Franklin (writer, philosopher, scientist)
13 colonies demanded independence from Britain
contains very important ideas and any human being has to have a right to: ALL MEN HAD A NATURAL RIGHT TO:
life, liberty, pursuit of happiness, consent of the governed
it was easy to sign but the practice wasn’t and it led to war
political life should rely on consent of the government (government should be elected by people)
he government shouldn’t be too strong (balance of 3 powers)
if someone has too much power, it becomes more dangerous
WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE (1775 – 1783)
George Washington’s army wasn’t very well organised (few people had military training so it wasn’t very
successful because Britain conquered New York city)