VYPRACOVANÉ ZÁPISKY
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story = events told in a chronological order (the king died, the queen died and the prince became an orphan)
plot = events told with elements of cause and effect (the king died, the queen died and the prince died of grief)
Different types of plots:
• single plot
•
multiple plot – example: Expedition of Humphry Clinker
•
main plot – involves the main character
•
subplot – minor plot that involves the secondary characters; usually humorous
•
open plot – there is no precise end because it is not clear how the story ends (modern literature)
•
ended plot – the story is finished with a clear end
•
episodic plot – the plot based on episodes, chapter by chapter (example: Dickens’ books)
popular in18th century when a book market boomed
7. ROMAN JAKOBSON (PRAGUE SCHOOL)
function of language to communicate: sender – message – receiver
NARRATOLOGY
(GERARD GENETTE)
1. ORDER OF EVENTS IN A STORY
• analepsis = refers to something that happened in the past (flash-back)• prolepsis = refers to something that will happen in the future
2. POINT OF VIEW OF A NARRATOR
• reliable – we can trust the narrator
• unreliable – we cannot trust the narrator because the narrator may lie, be insane or deluded (bláhový)
the narrator doesn’t give too many details because he lies for some reasons (there may be something
embarrassing that he/she doesn’t want to say; example: Slavery Stories)
or the narrator never fully understands what’s happening
• omniscient – the narrator knows everything like God and the characters like figures on a chess board
• multiple –there are several narrators and the same story is told from a different point of view
(The Expedition of Humphry Clinker)