VYPRACOVANÉ ZÁPISKY
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every word (
linguistic sign) is a combination of signifier and signified (they work together)
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signifier = sound image (different in every language) /kʌp/
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signified = word meaning, image (the same in every language)
the bond between signifier and signified is arbitrary, not logical or natural (there are different words, in
different languages for the same thing: a dog – der Hund – perro - pes)
2. CLAUDE LÉVY-STRAUSS
French anthropologist
analysed stories and myths
studied kinship relationships (příbuzenské vztahy) in different cultures
kinship system operates with units such as: father, mother, daughter, son and rules for connecting the units
essence of society: exchange of women by men (it shows the power of patriarchy)
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communities where the child takes the name after its mother (it was obvious who the mother was;
they didn’t understand the connection between sexuality and pregnancy; they wondered how it was
possible that the woman got a baby; they couldn’t understand why women had periods because in some
cultures it was interpreted as a disease)
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cultures where a maternal uncle is more important than a brother of a father
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power of a father/power of a man (male human being is the most powerful although in the past
the power of a woman was bigger than the power of a man)
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wedding: the bride is taken by her father or a male relative who is in a certain age and has a certain
position in a family, then she’s handed over to the bridegroom
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discovery: the further the bride is taken from a place where she grew up, the healthier, more powerful
the children will be
3.
VLADIMIR PROPP (RUSSIAN SCHOOL OF STRUCTURALISM)
realised that structuralist methods are good for analysing fairy-tales