VYPRACOVANÉ ZÁPISKY
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pursued (zabývat se) Russian folklore (a prince has to deal with a task in order to get a reward – princess)
after analysing about 100 Russian fairy-tales he came to the conclusion that there are 8 basic characters
can be applied not only on fairy-tales but also on a modern literature
8 basic characters/actants:
•
HERO – a figure reacts to the dispatcher and donor, defeats the villain, resolves any lacking and weds the princess
• PRINCESS – hero’s reward
• FATHER OF A PRINCESS – gives a task or owns a magical object than needs to be brought back
• DISPATCHER – any character who illustrates the need for the hero's quest and sends the hero off
• VILLAIN – evil figure that creates struggles for the hero and needs to be defeated (dragon, giant, evil)
• HELPER – a typically magical entity that comes to help the hero in their quest (horse, witch, old wo/man)
• DONOR – a character that prepares the hero or gives the hero some magical object
• FALSE HERO – figure who takes credit for the hero's actions or tries to marry the princess
4. VIKTOR SKHLOVSKY (RUSSIAN SCHOOL OF STRUCTURALISM)
studied a structure of stories in a way how different accidents are put together in order to make a story
linear story = the incidents are told in a chronological order (incident A follows an incident B, C etc.)
frame story = a story within a story (example: Arabian Nights, The Decameron, The Canterbury Tales)
defamiliarization = technique of presenting to audiences common things in an unfamiliar or strange way
5. MIKHAIL BAKHTIN (RUSSIAN SCHOOL OF STRUCTURALISM)
chronotope = each story has a chronology of time and space
polyphony
dialogism
6. E. M. FORSTER
English novelist
connection between a story and a plot (the story can be told chronologically or in a more complex way)