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wrote about the tragedy of mulattos
novel: Passing (about 2 black friends)
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Zora Neale Hurston
from a very poor family in Georgia
born in a small village where were only black people
she knew that white people exist, but she never saw ones
she went to the north to the university and it was the first time when she saw whites
her work is dominated by the black community
best novel: Their Eyes Were Watching God
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highly criticized - she used black English for the 1st time
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blacks were uneducated, they didn’t know how to spell correctly
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a big debate among black writers which language they should use: black language x American language
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black English has certain errors for white Americans (doesn't X don't; intonation, childrens; -s)
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they should use the American language to be appreciated and not looked down upon
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characters = black countryside people with no schools, white English people are not normal for them
she studied anthropology in NY
made research in the Caribbean islands
book about zombies: Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica
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their theory: they were people and members of a certain society
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they had betrayed the secrets of theirs and were punished to drink poisons and it destroyed their nervous
system which distinguished them from animals
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Jean Toomer
mulatto from the South
he was as fair as WEB DuBois, he could pass as white
he identified himself as a black because he was proud of it
work: Cane (třtina)
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collection of short stories
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sugar cane – kept them in a slavery
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Cain and Abel – blacks and whites are brothers (whites behave like Cain from the Bible)
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Richard Wright
he grew up in the South, he learnt to read himself from Bible
he was lucky enough, there were very understanding and human