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WEB Dubois institute which unites the best scientists in racial studies
the author of essay: The Souls of Black Folks
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he considered that the worst thing about black people is that they are 2 individuals in 1
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twoness (dualita) – American + Negro
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the American side says to the black side: you are a citizen of democratic States and you have rights
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the Negro side says to American side about a painful history and slavery
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result: mental disease (schizophrenia)
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reason: they are not American citizens, they don’t have rights of American citizens, they cannot vote
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Booker T. Washington
was really black because he was a descendant of slaves
he considered that after manumission, black people should be helped
when you turn slaves into normal citizens, you have to help those people
because freedom is connected with liberty and it comes with responsibility
providing free education especially in vocational schools (trade, driver, mechanic)
after having some basic education, you can live on your own and you can find a job
DuBois argued: Blacks should participate in general competition that characterises the US society, they
shouldn’t be given so much attention or help (they are free, they can choose their lifestyle)
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Marcus Garvey
1924 essay: Aims and Objects for Solutions of Negro Problem
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he considered that Negro problem can’t be solved only in America, it is all over the world
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black people who were forced to come to America should return to Africa
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they are not Americans, it is not like Asians who came there because they thought it would be better
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there should be solidarity between African people and African-Americans
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in Africa can’t be black people discriminated
LITERATURE OF HARLEM RENAISSANCE
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Nella Larsen
mulatto (black mother, Danish father - northern name, blue eyes but curly hair)