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after the essay by: Alain LeRoy Locke – The New Negro
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black philosopher who was published
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the beginning of the 20th century
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wanted to express themselves as black people and freely
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the motto: black should be respected and black is nice, whites should not be looking at blacks badly
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no make ups for bleaching black women, no straightener for curly hair of Blacks
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you cannot hate yourself, you must love yourself the way you look
JAZZ – combination of European and African musical influences
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Ella Fitzgerald
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Louis Armstrong - What a wonderful world
a message of optimism and joy for blacks
life is worth living, do not give up your hope
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Billie Holiday – Strange Fruit
famous jazz singer
almost illiterate but intensive
she started to sing on streets for money
she dared to sing in front of white audience in restaurants
she couldn’t sing in a theatre
strange fruit refers to a body of a man who was lynched
Apollo Theatre
a place where those famous artists played
there was dancing as well as playing
those artists could be free in music
surprise: also Whites came to the theatre, people liked them but they had to use back doors
they could play in bars, restaurants, they weren’t given a permission to play in special concert halls
BLACK SCHOLARS
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Philip Roth - novel: The Stain
about a mulatto boy who was very fair
he didn’t want to be taken for a black, he left his family at 18, settled down from the east cost to the west
made a career as a sportsman, married a Jewish woman, pretended to be a Jew, became a university professor
he was afraid that every of his kids might show that he is black (his grandkids were black)
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William E. B. DuBois
mulatto, very fair, the 1st black man who was allowed to study at one of the best universities
gained a degree at Harvard (Ph.D.)